Is anything known about the age of the following characters?

-Balgruuf the Greater
-Elisif the Fair
- Ulfric Stormcloak
- Esbern
- Delphine

According to the Thalmor Dossiers, Esbern is in his 70's and Delphine is in her 50's.
Interesting point, actually! I imagine Balgruuf to be about 50, Elisif perhaps 20-30 and Ulfric ... 30-40? All complete guesses, by the way.

It's the curse of Orkey. Nords are 10, then 20, then 40-50, then 70. Only other age available is Draugr.

Elisif's husband was apparently around 18 years old, so I suppose her age range is more like 16-25.

Balgruf has a bunch of young kids, so I find 30-40 more plausible for him than "about 50".

Ulfric was a military leader of some sorts 15 years ago, so I suppose he is 25+15 = 40 years now at the very least.

Well, as I said I was just guessing. Since Delphine is 50 I assumed Balgruuf to be of a similar age.

He fought in the Great War, which ended 30 years ago, so he's probably at least 50 or at least late 40's.

Ulfric was in his teens when he left the Greybeards to join the Great War. So I'd say he was about 16 when he joined (based on ages when most societies allowed people to join the army), we know he was captured by Thalmor forces so that's at least 26 years ago, based on that Ulfric would be at least 42 years old. Possibly 45 though that's stretching it.

Elisif is young as was her husband, they called them kids. So I would not call her older then 19.

Balgruf has three kids running around, all in their early teens (for as far as we can tell). Most people would start having children early on in a society like the Nords. Considering that he is a Jarl he would have had no problems finding a wife and should have married young, thus getting children young. I would guess he'd be about 35 or so.

Delphine and Esbern have been said before, 50 & 70 respectively

Karliah does look great for her age. Or it is normal for dunmers?
Edit: Hm, saw her again on wiki and she does look old but I bet she looked much better and younger in game ~_o. Ofc, none of npc mods installed.

Dunmer can get a lot older then most other races (excluding Altmer and Bosmer)... So even if she's 80 or 200 she can still look relatively young.