» Sun Dec 06, 2015 3:54 am
You can join all three of the factions, Institute, Railroad, and Brotherhood, once you're introduced to them in the main story, and becoming a full-fledged member will make you allied with them in the open world Commonwealth, even when they run into each other and start fighting each other, you can kill one of the faction's soldiers and still be allied with them; however, going to their bases and killing people there will turn them hostile. You will have to choose one of them in some way indirectly at the Battle of Bunker Hill, as even if you side with the Minutemen, they will be allied with the Railroad by default, and the other two factions will be eventually destroyed, locking you out of sidequests you can perform for them. But before that main quest point, you can do all of their sidequests as an informal operator for all three.
Note: If you're not strict about RPing, then joining all three ASAP is actually much preferable as you they won't fight back if you have to kill one of the faction's soldiers in the open world Commonwealth for a quest for another one of the factions. This could potentially turn the Battle of Bunker Hill into a leisurely show for you as you only have to watch them fight each other as none of them will attack you.