Nowhere on that menu (which also shows the character's level progression, HP, Magicka, and Fatigue) are character attributes (Strength, Speed, Agility, etc) or any sign of them even existing.
In fact, if they're not on that screen, I can't imagine exactly where would they be, or if they even exist. So, I may be jumping the gun here, but does Skyrim even have attributes in it? That would certainly be... strange... if it doesn't.
My guess, if it doesn't, is that there are ranked perks (since perks are relatively common, since you can take them every level and a baseline high level character in Skyrim is 50~ as opposed to the 25~ in Oblivion/Morrowind) like Enhanced Strength, that give you the benefits of higher strength/etc, that you can pop points into at will.