Yes. Focus on skills like these:
Two-handed weapons
Heavy armor
Smithing
Sneak
Pickpocket
Archery
You don't have to actually choose anything to be the character you want to be. Just focus on using those skills or similar and you should quickly develop a nice barbarian/thief character.
I was thinking on these skills
two handed weapons
one handed weapons
light armor
smithing
lockpicking
alchemy
This will allow all barbaric fighting styles with some thief skills mixed in. Also we have smithing to tie this in to the fighter. I've always role played barbarians to be all offensive and no defensive.
I love hearing build ideas! My turn to chime in now xD
I think the following would be the base line:
One Handed Weapon - focus on axes I think (like 6-11 perks I guess)
Light Armour - so you can move in quickly with them axes (13, like heavy armour I would say)
Archery - for the ranger/skirmish side (12 or so, going by what is know)
A total of 36/50 perks. Gives you basic protection, dual wielding axes for barbarian glory, and skirmishing potential that is a little more ranger-esk than thief like.
Sneak, Smithing and Alchemy would be the back up skills, where the rest of the perks go. Maybe enough in sneak to remain hidden (5 for the ranked ability), and then the rest in alchemy so you have a healing option?