If this is happening to you and you're using BitDefender anti-virus software, it may be due to BitDefender's "Real Time Protection". First step would be to disable it for 5 minutes and see if New Vegas will start up properly (you'll need to be in Advanced Mode of BitDefender in order to turn it off).
If it's the real time protection setting, and you want to keep it turned on, go to the Antivirus tab and click on the 'Scanner Settings' button. This'll bring up the Behavioral Scanner settings and the cause of your crash. Either turn it off, or add FalloutNV and FalloutNVLauncher to the list of excluded applications.
Hope that helps someone!