I looked this up on the Skyrim wiki and apparently this can happen when someone stands between you and her when she casts the spell on you (which is what happened to me.) Their solution was to enter "setstage MGRappBrelyna01 30" into the game console to get the quest to advance. I tried this, and it was successful in getting Brelyna to talk to me and do the next quest part, but my vision is still green and blurry afterwards.
Basically my save file is ruined right now since I'm not about to play the whole game like this. Any help? (And no I don't have an old save file to revert to. I'd have to reroll.)