I bought the ultimate edition with all DLC, if I just install the weapon packs, can I install the other DLC later just like someone could do with the regular one?
On the PC at least, yes you can.
Remove the *.NAM files from your New Vegas Data directory.
The NAM files are what force New Vegas to auto-load content. Removing them lets you manualy select which bits of DLC content you want activated.
After removing the NAM files, go to Data Files from the game loading screen and select the content you want just like you do with fan made mods.