You can do both Telvanni and Mages. There is a late Mages Guild quest that requires you to kill some high level Telvannis but you don't have to do that quest, just refuse it.
As to living as a vampire - it is very difficult. You have to do without the majority of the services (travel, training, shops) NPCs will shun you, guards will attack you if you talk to much to them, you can't do quests - you can talk to members of the Mages Guild and Telvanni but you will get no work or help in the majority of cases. It is best to become a vampire, do the vampire quests and then take the cure so all is back to normal.