Without delving into scripts at all, creation kit has many condition functions you can run on actors and other forms to get information.

Some of these condition functions have no papyrus counterpart, for example:

GetCurrentCastingType: this determines whether the spell is concentration, fire and forget or constant on a specified actor

Is there any way to use these functions in scripts?

No. Just the counterparts.

You could probably try having a MGEF set up on a spell using the condition as you like it, then setting a value to 1 when the condition is the value you want it to be. Then you check the value of a global you set in the MGEFs script if that condition is true.