can anyone suggest any controlled gun fighting tactics such as taking down multiple enemies avoiding getting shot ,dissarming an enemy and then taking out more than one enemy with a headshot. All i seem to be doing is mindless blasting all the time and getting hurt at the same time. Someone help please i searched the forum and have had no luck thanks

You should start trying some stealth; invest points in sneak, take the silent running perk, and use silenced weapons. The game will become much more tactical.

Enemy's will tend to fire in bursts. If you crouch behind cover (NOT A VEHICLE!) and wait for a pause in their firing, you can through many situations unscathed.

Enemies generally do not care if you kill their friends, as long as they don't see you do it. So, try to identify anyone that strays away on their own and snipe them down from a position that is hidden from the main group of enemies. You could also try luring them away with a silenced weapon like the dart gun or silenced 10mm pistol.

Generally, I would say that avoiding getting hurt is all about patience and observation. Watch what the enemy do and wait for a good chance. I also find that taking out the weaker enemies first is the best strategy: for example, if you have a group of ghouls with a reaver, you can get rid of ferals and roamers with a single sneak critical which will generally not alert anyone; if you take on the reaver first, you almost certainly won't kill it with one shot and in trying to take it down or avoid it you will end up with both it and its friends attacking you.

Kill the enemy with the weapon which will do the most damage to YOU, first. Three raiders, one lead pipe, one assault rifle, one missile launcher. Kill the launcher guy first.
Kill the immediate threat, then flank.
The way the AI seems to work is: You fire one shot. "CAUTION" comes up. The enemy will move to the location where you fired that shot. If you stay there, you will be engulfed. If they find that there is no threat at your last known location, they will go back to doing whatever they were doing. This seems to work only when there is cover for you. Do this in the open plain, and of course you will have to duke it out.
Overlord issues? Either try to shoot the weapon out of their hands, or try to cripple their arms, making it harder for them to hit you.
Grenades are great when you are about to be overrun. I usually free-hand throw my nades. VATS only seems to reach a certain distance, yet throwing free-hand, I can throw dramatically farther, as well as bouncing nades around corners and making bank shots.
Don't stand still. Move around a lot.
Have a lot of mines? Mine your most vulnerable side, then attack, knowing that any flanking enemy will get hurt pretty bad, if not outright killed.

Okay, assuming you are on a small guns based character, you will find that any modern combat tactics work pretty well.

Basically, early in the game (before you take the Grim Reaper's Sprint) you can't tank it and get away scot free.

Use stealth to move around the wastes. Stop and look around every so often. Maximise your abilities by using your 'special' clothing you pick up. Dress for success - the highest DR armour is not necessarily best - for a small guns character the Ranger Armour or the Regulator duster may be the best for your purposes. Early warning - seeing them before they see you - is the key to a long life.

In combat:

Don't charge in. Use cover, use movement. The only time you should be standing still in the open is when you are firing - and VATS is your friend. Target the highest percentage zone in VATS, and make sure you are using an appropriate weapon - a sawn off shotgun is next to useless at anything but CLOSE range, it's meant to scraqe the bad guys off you when they are bashing your head. Reload on the move, and reload often.

Don't worry about running away - He who successfully runs away, gets to fight another day. Remember this.

If you can get the percentage, fire at the weapon, but be aware that they will then charge you most times. With all the small guns perks etc, you can get very very lethal, but again, make sure you carry and use a weapon appropriate to your fighting style - A chinese assault rifle may look cool, but it's ongoing effective range is pretty poor, but it's lethal close in. A good all-round firearm is the Lincoln Repeater, but early on ammo is an issue.

Alot of this depends on where you are at. Urban warfare is a bit different than finding yourself out on the plains....But there are some basics;

As you move, keep your eyes open for cover, ALWAYS. Think if you were attacked right now, what could I hide behind? Also, when moving; stop, crouch , spin, look, listen....stand up, spin, listen.....then move again, when you stop, make sure you're behind cover. Find high-ground and look around every now and then.

Before a fight actually starts, try to evaluate your targets. Eliminate the greatest threat first. And as mentioned above, keep on the move, rushing from cover to cover, when they fire, crouch, wait until they reload then pop up ,take your shots then back down. Pay attention to your AP.

A tactic that works well, after the fight starts...and you've taken out the long range targets, move backwards throwing a few grenades. or drop a few mines.

And finally, don't forget, you have chems, take them if you find yourself in a serious fight...my order is 1). Ultra-jet. 2). Buffout. 3). Psycho. 4). Yao guai meat. 5). Med-X. If things are really messed up, a stealth boy is thrown in. If that isn't enough, you probably should have avoided the fight in the 1st place.

Once the battle is finished, don't just rush in to collect the loot. Wait a few seconds to make sure there aren't other bad guys out there. There's nothing worse than bending over a corpse, and having your head bashed in.

And there is the run away option....but only girls do that. LOL.

Close quarters combat is pretty much the same, but go slower. Always crouch when entering rooms, this allows a better chance of seeing tripwires/traps, and also provides less of a target if there are bad guys around. Normally, if you're not worried about smashing things up, when you enter and see a badguy, throw a couple of grenades....Unless you're one of those stealthy types, then just sneak up and chop their heads off.

Another tip, when you first enter a location, where there are multiple options, IE right, left, forward....place a few mines along the path that you're not moving on. And as you move forward, drop a couple of mines along your path. That way, if things start getting hot and heavy, you can backup and regroup, and anyone coming after you goes KABBOOM. A decent size area you might need 10-15 mines. This works great in Dunwich because those ghouls come up from all over the place; front, flanks and rear sometimes. NOTE: Once the location is secure, make sure you go back and collect up all your mines.

And also reload after each fight, heal up if possible. Try to stay under your weight limit, there's nothing worse than shuffling along when you find yourself in the middle of a fire-fight.

Other than that, use common sense, that's your best weapon.