Is it possible to create a working door with the console, so I could create a hub or something to all cities in my player home?

If by console you mean console commands, then it's possible to teleport to another location like a city using console commands provided the appropriate marker exists in the desired location. It's been while since I did that but if there's a "coc" (center of cell) marker in place and you know the name of the cell... like, I think using "player.moveto coc whiterunwhiterun would send you to the coc marker inside the city of whiterun in whiterun hold. Not sure if I have the command exactly right but I know it's possible to teleport like that into different locations.

If you want to create a visible, physical "door" that lets you teleport to a different place on the map by using it, then I think you're gonna have to go into the Creation Kit and do that. But yes, it's possible - one of the early mods I used created a new player home that had "doors" leading to and from all of the vanilla player houses.