Is it really a common problem? It never happened to me after completing that quest. You ctd on quitting the cave? If sot, use coc to get out of there. Open the console and type
help morthal
Look for the cells in the results and choose one, preferably an interior cell (the inn for example) and use the command
coc NameOfTheCell
If it works, get out of that cell and see what happens.
Oh, I forgot: before you quit the cave, how many objects do you have in your inventory? Too many objects give infinite load screens or ctds.
That's a really odd bug. Never happened to me. Have you tried going somewhere else and waiting/resting for 30 days until all the respawn timers have been reset and then going back to Morthal?
Whew! Glad it worked for you and now I know what to do if it ever happens to me.