I didn't really do Volskygge and I went through Rimerock Barrow with no problem. And by "didn't really do" I mean that I didn't go through the dungeon but killed the boss and got the word of power from Volskygge. There's an alternate way up the mountain where you can bypass the entire dungeon. Now that I think about it, I climbed up the mountain, found the boss and word of power, then on my way back down I discovered Rimerock barrow and then hours and hours later, I fast traveled to Rimerock with Barbas.
So if going through all of Volskygge doesn't work for you, try going around it by climbing the mountain and then descending on the side of Rimerock.
That might actually be the reason why I can't get through that door >_> I went the way you did: Found the word of power for the Whirlwind Sprint, and then ran from the boss because I kept dying. Went into the dungeon and got stuck at that one door. bleh....now to go BACK outside and to the other side of the dungeon...thanks man. I wouldn't have thought of that on my own, honestly. I, for some odd reason, thought the boss outside was guarding both the entrance and the word of power.
I
FAILEDIT: This would also explain why the pressure tile was on the EXIT of the door I went through instead of the ENTRANCE..bleh