First you must make destruction magic costs nothing so you don't run out of ammo as that is the first step of making destruction magic useful at all (if you fight on high difficulties as you should) compared to normal weapons. Assuming you've at least done that (I don't care for any nay sayers who say this part of the game is cheap when you could then say so is 800 damage weapons: both are still earned legitimately using the game) let's make this comparison:
800 damage bow vs Thunderbolt.
First you will duel cast obviously and the perk for better duel cast adds 10% more damage so it should be 198 damage so let's just say 200 damage.
Second spells fire WAY FASTER than a bow even with the QuickDraw perk. They fire easily twice as fast if you have good controller reflexes and I've noticed shock spells seem to fire even quicker. I can duel cast thunderbolt like a machine gun. So that obviously adds to the damage OUTPUT compared to the much slower bow so in that comparison well say thunderbolt roughly has around 500 damage now compared to the 800 bow.
Now we get to the perk differences and this is where one weapon might be better than another in the right situations. Of course a bow can stagger and paralyze but all of that is still only a percentage not anything close to a GUARENTEE. Consequently some melee enemies will undoubtedly reach you still if the numbers don't help you that battle.
But we all should know how awesome the impact perk is for destruction spells...GUARENTEE STAGGER ON ANY OPPONENT. It doesn't matter if it's a dragon or even Miraak or Karstagg or the freaking Ebony Warrior: EVERYTHING I've EVER fought gets staggered by a duel casted destruction spell.
And that huge advantage plays even greater because you can shoot that staggering lighting way faster than a bow. Not to mention the fact shock spells hit instantly make them far better to
aim and so have much better accuracy than a bow. If we were to do a fireball comparison, the AOE of it helps accuracy hugely not to mention gives a way better damage output when hitting multiple enemies close up.
That instant hit from thunderbolt means it doesn't matter at all if you're aiming at sidestepping enemies. You never have to factor in the speed of an arrow as you still have to even with archer's eagle eye ability.
This also means spells like thunderbolt are very deadly as ranged attacks when used with the Slow Time shout. People think it helps archers too but since your arrows and so shots are also slowed down, that shout can even have a negative effect on archers in some situations. But of course lightning hits instantly still when using slow time, making spells like thunderbolt especially more accurate and deadly with that shoot. And I consider Slow Time shout one of the best combat shouts in the game especially with all 3 words and if you're a vampire with necromage so it lasts longer.
So is destruction magic useless? Of course not? Yes it's much lower damage makes it more open to creativity in how you use it but then it's perks can make it very effective if you use it right. The Ebony Warrior can be easily killed with no challenge at all from the impact perk. Of course I consider that fight cheap and wouldn't do it myself, but the point is it CAN be done through destruction.
And let's also not forget flame cloak. They svck initially but when you get the aspect of fear perk, they like all fire spells do much more damage. When you duel cast it, the length of its reach extends greatly so that I find it very useful when fighting swarms of melee opponents. Vampires who use it make it last longer and extend its reach even more. It's damage output then becomes insane and inevitably leads to some running away yelling "I'm on fire!" with fire's built in fear capability.
So to answer the topic question: NO.