Edit: Yes the error code is 80010017
Yes, the exact number will help as that will tell you the source of your problem. From there you can probably google "Fallout New Vegas error xxxxxxxxx" where x is the error number you are given, and find out what happened.
Sounds like a PS3 problem. From what I've been able to find I'm seeing answers ranging from a dirty disc, a bad blu-ray player, to a hacked cd key. If no one can answer your question here and if you have a legit copy I'd ask your question on a Play Station tech forum. If you have a hacked copy ... your on your own.
Sorry I couldn't be more help.
Do you have issues with other games. If so than it is likely something with your PS3. I do not have a PS3 but there might be something you can do to resolve the issue. If it is only this one game than it might be something with the Disk.