One thing that was said, is that when you exit the elevator it checks for followers and spawns them next to you when they are lost but, nobody really knows.
The trick with vault 22 doesnt work anymore, at least it didnt work for me.
I think ED-E is just bugged.
When I lost him and the vaul trick didnt work, I used the cmd prompt to get him back.
Later on, he truly died and I still had his perk.
Now im am wondering if he disappeared earlier, or chased down a cazador that I had clipped with my sniper rfile and died.