FWIW, the dragons were never completely gone. Paarthurnax, Mirmulnir, and Ahbiilok, all survived from their creation until at least Alduin's return, and there's no telling how many more could've been in hiding.
Gone, meaning asleep or otherwise in hiding. You're right about Paarthurnax, but what makes you think Mirmulnir and Ahbiilok were awake? I guess Mirmulnir's resting place just happened to be the nearest of whatever place did Alduin rise from (supposedly near Helgen; there might be information about this but didn't find any at quick glance). The only thing I found about
living dragons is thehttp://www.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Atlas_of_Dragons, but I'd suppose those weren't
awake and kickin' because there had been no recent dragon sights.
It
could be that Morokei was a priest especially devoted to Paarthurnax, as he might've been the only dragon who was not hiding from any and all mortals. Because the Big P was awake, so could have been Morokei... I guess there are no Dragon Priest fighting references from the past in the game other than Aren's? Meaning the other Priests might still have been sleeping because their respective dragons were sleeping? So, what Mafio had heard from Priests being awake only if the dragons are might still hold true, after all. Silly me!
Archmagister Nelacayne, I'd say Hircine gets the first call, because being a werewolf seems to trump any claim.
I now also believe in this, especially if it doesn't matter whether the soul is inside a gem or not, or whether the enchanted item has some juice left or not. If you ask me, the term "soul trap" that is used even by the best of mages in the games clearly is just based on false assumptions. (Or they know it's not literal, but it has just stuck in the language for good anyway. Like "yellow river" for instance.) I'd tend to believe that a soul is a humongous amount of energy, and just a tiny bit of it gets stored to the soul gems. The souls wouldn't necessarily feel a bit weakened even when trapped into the biggest gems, but still the "soul energy" in the gem is enough to create a powerful enchantment. Even enough to create a manifestation of its mortal self after you've used it up (like in Daggerfall). I'd believe they're not the trapped creatures themselves, more like their aspects.
Is that based on Kodlak or something else? Because if it's based on Kodlak I would not put so much faith in it. After all Kodlak only joined one side willingly, he was a true enough of a Nord to go to Sovngarde, but he never actually did anything to swear his undying allegiance to Shor, he did with Hicrine. I'd say that's why Hicrine can claim him before Shor can.
There's a supposition about "claiming order". Is it so, or is e.g. Arkay "dividing" each soul to its rightful place like a postal distributioner, with no "claiming" happening at all?
Might also be something completely else for all I know... Anyway, becoming a werewolf seems one way, if a bit costly, to get rid of your Nightingale's oath to Nocturnal, for example. :/ A werewolf spending all his life praying (and surviving) at Mehrunes Dagon's shrine though... why wouldn't Dagon want such an abomination to his arsenal once the werewolf finally dies?
Questions, questions...