There isn't any way to tag armor belonging to character, companion or settlers, it's all just mixed up.

Those companions that require extra armor, weapons and ammo <- phew compared to the dog or the robot they are like babies, since they can't resupply themselves, while the dog and robot are just hair, metal and melee. Why can't they just renew their ammo at least? Pretty bad companion AI !!

There are some armor for dogs, but they don't have any protection values above 0.

Would you like someone to hold your controller as well?

No it's much easier than that, because when something gets too boring, it can be skipped, after all it's just entertainment, he.

By the way: Power armor requires repair, but other armor doesn't???