So I figured instead I'd go back and switch sides and join the Imperials instead. I redid all the quests on the Imperial side, eventually reaching the Battle for Fort Dunstad. I met the troops as expected, went up to the fort and killed the first wave of Stormcloaks bringing the total down to 75% completed. Suddenly there were no Stormcloaks anywhere. They weren't spawning. I looked all through the interior areas, thinking they might be inside instead but no luck. I've watched videos of people completing the mission so I know they should have been outside to kill but not in my game. Multiple reloads, multiple attempts, multiple days waiting. No luck.
This is the third Bethesda game that I've been through, and though I've enjoyed them, I've been plagued with bugs over and over again. This game is simply in an unacceptable state, and should not have been released.