Link to image has now been fixed, thank you for letting me know!
Also, a very good point. We could then perhaps open up the possibility that there are 10 cryogenic chambers instead of 8, so that all inhabitants are able to enter stasis. I would imagine that the scientist (and possibly the vault security guard) would only do so once their supplies ran out, as is suggested by all of the crates and boxes above ground. The scientist could then conduct ongoing research and gather important data to help facilitate the experiment, until such time as he entered his own cryochamber. As for incentive, his role would greatly improve his chances of surviving armageddon by securing him a place in a vault, and he would eventually be given a second chance to see what comes after. I'm sure that any scientist worth their salt would find it hard to resist such an opportunity.
Looking at my suggestion in the OP, we have a scenario with two survivors at the time of the blast, namely the protagonist and the scientist. We may actually have a third; the soldier in power armor, who would perhaps still manage to complete his given task of activating the lift controls. But due to extreme winds following the nuclear blast, he is unable to climb down into the lift shaft in time before the vault door is sealed, and he is left outside.
As for anybody already being inside the vault, we can actually see everything we would need for the experiment to take place outside of the vault at the time of detonation. This includes the test subjects, two members of vault personnel comprising an armed security guard and a scientist/overseer, and a load of supplies in various crates and boxes. It would appear that the nuclear strikes happened much sooner than anyone had expected. The bombs fell before any of the inhabitants or supplies could be taken into the vault, and so an alternative scenario seems to have arisen. In the example I have given, the scientist/overseer more than likely died of his injuries before he could get into one of the other chambers.