Correction. Laser cuts people in half, pulse turns people to ash, plasma turns stuff to goo and fire torches people
That's in previous Fallout games, in Fallout 3, laser weapons do indeed turn people into ash (though I have also seen them take limbs off.) I think the cutting people in half thing makes more sense, given that a laser is a focused beam and should therefore cut through a small area rather than turn the target into a pile of ash, but nonetheless in Fallout 3, which must be what this topic is about, given the mention of VATS, that is indeed what it does.
Anyway, the "Bursting into flame thing sounds like it could be caused by a gas leak, sometimes you will find them in Fallout 3 around pipes, they can be identified by distortions in the air, and can be ignited, most likely, you ignited one while attacking this ghoul.