spookyfx said something earlier about bullet time, so I'll wax poetic on that for a bit: I think the Fallout 4 equivalent of bullet time will just be VATS, although I do think the Sniper perk might add a "bullet time" effect when you hold your breath to steady your aim with a shot, similar to one of the archery perks in Skyrim. And if Gunslinger is dedicated to improving pistols, Commando for automatic weapons, and Rifleman for rifles, who's to say Sniper isn't the equivalent perk for sniper rifles? I doubt it's just a simple bonus to headshots in VATS, although that might be one of the ranks.
I'm noticing a lack of perks that would be associated with improving energy weapons in this chart; there's Science!, which is the crafting perk for energy, but every other weapon type has crafting perks and perks specific to that weapon type. Something tells me Gunslinger, Commando, and Rifleman (and Sniper?) are also effective for their respective energy weapons, too. But even so, this makes me think that I9 (Vault Boy holding a floating atom) and P7 (A green sine wave shooting into/out of a basking Vault Boy's chest) are associated with Energy weapons. The attributes are appropriate for energy weapons, and the artwork is too; although I have no idea what they would actually do.