I actually believe gkk7z's theory that the player will either be the mother or the father depending on the gender they pick. If the leaked documents Kotaku got 6 months ago are true (and they have been on everything so far), then the player is in the military. Important enough that they are giving a briefing to other military personnel.
I believe the nuclear blast is going to be the LAST thing the player sees before waking up from cryostasis. (Nuclear explosions, even ones that close, are NOT immediately or guaranteed to be fatal. Read accounts from Hiroshama - and the blast we see in the trailer is a lot farther away than what people survived in Hiroshama. The nuke hits in Brighton, and Vault 111 is in Watertown in Whitney Hill Park. They are about 4 miles apart.) The family will collapse onto the elevator lift. The lift and the vault door at the bottom are both pressure sealed, so the elevator shaft works like an air-lock. If the people in Vault 111 ARE important military people and families (and they probably are, if chosen to be preserved in stasis), then it makes sense that the Vault security will lower the elevator shaft, go out in Rad-Suits, drag the survivors off the lift, re-seal it and vent the air in the shaft before opening the Vault door and injecting everyone with Radaway and putting them on ice. No real danger of radiation contamination for the vault.
The blast will be the reason the spouse, the kid, or both don't make it. They're radiation burns were too bad to save. The player isn't a ghoul because they've been on a slow-drip of Rad-Away on ice for 200 years. That's my theory.
That's simply not true. Again, look at the eye-witnesses and survivors from the only two nuclear attacks in real life. Lots of survivors, some of them very close. Many of them saw the flash and blast, and one doctor in Hiroshama watched the blast and flash happen from several miles away (the same distance our family on top of the vault appear to be from the blast) and was knocked off his feet and thrown across the room into the far wall from the blast wave, and survived with no need for treatment. One girl was driving a tram UNDERNEATH the blast, and remembers the flash, and suddenly the "world exploded and everything was on fire". She thought she had crashed the tram, but woke up in the wreckage, unharmed save for some burns and cuts. She never had radiation sickness, but many of her passengers died instantly or from radiation poisoning.
The drama of barely surviving a nuclear blast is going to be hard to pass up for a story-opening.