I am not 100% sure it would tell you all the mods correctly, but... your best bet would probably be to use something like Mod Organizer. I use it atm, and if you hover over a Save game file, it tells you what mods are missing from your load order/mod list. Then you could probably use that information to go and find all the mods you were using and download them and install them, one by one. Hopefully, the mod versions will not have changed too much and screw something up in your game.
http://www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/1334/?
If you do end up missing some mods or have to use a drastically different version of a mod, you can always try making a new save(in a relatively unmodded interior space), then backup that save, and clean it using a http://www.nexusmods.com/skyrim/mods/52363/?
- (after backing up your saves!) run the cleaner to remove scripts left over by the old mods that are still missing.
Good luck recovering that old save. You might find it fun to start a new save once you find what mods you want to use though.