The best way to go about troubleshooting this issue is to open your Event Viewer and filter your Application log by Source Application Error and Event ID 1000
Most of my errors looked like this:
Faulting application name: FalloutNV.exe, version: 1.1.0.268, time stamp: 0x4cbd4fc7
Faulting module name: ntdll.dll, version: 6.1.7600.16559, time stamp: 0x4ba9b29c
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x00033072
Faulting process id: 0xfa4
Faulting application start time: 0x01cb713f8f15da69
Faulting application path: d:\program files (x86)\steam\steamapps\common\fallout new vegas\FalloutNV.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Windows\SysWOW64\ntdll.dll
Report Id: d1785493-dd32-11df-a927-6cf0495db9ad
But one was different..
Faulting application name: FalloutNV.exe, version: 1.1.0.268, time stamp: 0x4cbd4fc7
Faulting module name: claud.ax, version: 5.0.0.1029, time stamp: 0x3f9f96fb
Exception code: 0xc0000005
Fault offset: 0x0002dee4
Faulting process id: 0xe7c
Faulting application start time: 0x01cb713d82ae5d25
Faulting application path: d:\program files (x86)\steam\steamapps\common\fallout new vegas\FalloutNV.exe
Faulting module path: C:\Program Files (x86)\CyberLink\Shared Files\AudioFilter\claud.ax
Report Id: c4f1974d-dd30-11df-a927-6cf0495db9ad
CyberLink is associated with Power DVD so I obviously uninstalled that and I am good to go now.
So in short your best bet is to check out event viewer, if there is nothing obvious there then start uninstalling suspect apps/codecs one by one. if it doesn't fix your issue then you can reinstall the app.