There are three categories: Executable-level, parts which are most likely involved in the core FalloutNV.exe file, Module-level, bugs that exist in the main module of the game, the FalloutNV.esm file, and Asset-level, which are the various NIF 3d models, DDS textures, XML textures, and etc.
Optimally, if you have a repoty yourself, it'd be best to have it already diagnosed. If not, please list it only if it has conditions you can reliably repeat. Be thorough. The more control you have in anolyzing the symptoms of a bug, the easier it is to ascertain the cause.
Asset-level bugs seem to be beyond the purview of fixing via patches, from the lack of such fixes so far in patches. I wouldn't count on fixes on them via patches.
Executable-level bugs:
- Non-hitscan projectiles do no base projectile damage if they have an explosion on impact. For instance, the 400 extra damage the the Fat Man supposedly does on any actor it directly hits is not applied, only the 600 damage from the explosion.
- Objects with environmental reflection shader effects (like the Plasma Rifle) do not reflect total lighting in their enviro reflection effect while in firstperson, only ambient lighting in the cell. Thirdperson is not affected. This bug only manifests when the mesh's enviro map settings are set to react to lighting (Unknown Int 2 in BSShaderPPLightingProperty set to 32769 when using NIFSkope). This bug existed originally in FO3.
- Weight-reducing weapon mods do not apply their weight reduction effect when they're equipped. A Fat Man Little Boy is 15 pounds when just in the pack, but shoots back up to 30 pounds according to the total encumbrance value when equipped.
- Loose files associated with others will not load. Only files packed in a BSA will load. For instance, EGM files do not load for any headwear items unless they are packed in a BSA. It's likely that EGTs, TRIs, and any other such files associated with the FaceGen system may be affected.
Module-level bugs
- "Always use World Orientation" is not checked for the Holy Frag Grenade explosion, resulting in the mushroom cloud coming off at funny angles not perpendicular with ground level.
- For Auld Lany Syne is rife with bugs, see http://www.gamesas.com/index.php?/topic/1196156-fonv-compiled-bug-list/page__p__17780854#entry17780854
- Arcade Ganon will not be re-recruitable unless your nonhuman companion (ED-E, Rex) is dismissed too. No dialog option even appears to hire Arcade if you have a nonhuman companion with you.
- Boone head tracking/weapon holstering in combat bug, caused by excessive package evaluation when not needed. http://www.gamesas.com/index.php?/topic/1196156-fonv-compiled-bug-list/page__view__findpost__p__17780891
Asset-level bugs:
- On the iron sight aim for all non-pistolgrip rifles (like the Hunting Rifle), the animation is significantly off-center, making aiming with ironsights difficult. The bug can be demonstrated on the Hunting Rifle; duck down and aim down iron sights to get maximum accuracy while in third person. While still crouching and aiming, switch to first person view. Note that the crosshair still persisting in first person shows that it's not lined up with the front sight bead. A mod for PC fixes this: http://www.newvegasnexus.com/downloads/file.php?id=38927
- Several other weapons have misaligned sighting nodes.
- Marcus's normal map has a backwards vertical (green) channel.
- 44 Magnum Revolver HD Frame causes serious issues with the speed loader and animations in general. Might be an executable-level issue, considering that re-jigging the mesh directly from the supposedly proper-functioning base NIF produces the same bugged results. However, because issues with animations on the .44 Magnum existed in Fallout 3, it may be asset-level as well since other revolvers added by Obsidian do not have these problems.
- Sound tags are missing in several of the walk/run animations for 2handhandle weapons. The game engine will only play the basic footstep sounds, and none of the weight-related armor footstep sound effects.
If you list one, remember: already have it diagnosed, or be as thorough as possible in describing the symptoms. Vague ones won't be listed.
THIS IS NOT A PLACE TO RANT ABOUT BUGS. If you do, your post will be reported for being off-topic, even if the content of your post is also reporting a bug. List bugs you can describe to the best of your ability, or that you have diagnosed to the root cause of the bug.