If you want to avoid doing Tactical Thinking (which makes enemies of the Railroad), then you've already given up on having a Brotherhood ending. You are now limited to Railroad or Minutemen or Institute.
My current playthrough is a MM "Least Damage" playthrough.
I started Minutemen only and went up through Old Guns, giving me the Castle, the Armory, and I have more than enough settlements to complete Form Ranks immediately.
I went to the Cambridge Police Department and completed all quests and one of each radiant for Danse and Co. I accept Danse's offer to join and become an Initiate.
I then joined the Railroad and completed through Randolph 6.
I then went and killed Kellogg and then completed Dangerous Minds.
BoS appears.
I go to Cambridge and then get flown to the Prydwen. I complete through Show No Mercy. Ranked Knight now.
BoS can only give radiants at this point.
I go find Virgil and then take his schematics to Sturges for a MM constructed Relay (at the Castle, natch).
I zap into the Insitute and complete through Institutionalized, but do not start Synth Retention yet.
I go back to the BoS and complete Liberty Reprimed, From Within (grabbing Virgil's serum while there and giving Li Virgil's diary tape), and then Blind Betrayal (Danse survives).
I duck out on Kells and then return to the Institute. I complete Synth Retention and Battle for Bunker Hill. (note Desdemona would not let me warn her, as she was stuck in a dialog loop of begging me to abandon the Minutemen and work for her -- I told her to no, and she would not relent. I was able to warn Maxson with no issues, even though I had not reported to Kells.)
I killed the Courser immediately upon meeting him at the Battle, meaning I never even had to talk to the Synths, and I left them alive and looted the corpses up top. I only attacked Institute Synths during the fighting. (BTW, on Very Hard the BoS stomps the Railroad Heavies pretty hard with no Synth interference). This immediately set the next step to 'Talk to Father'.
I told Father to go to hell in CIT and I was banished. That's where I'm at.
Next time I hit the Castle, that should begin Form Ranks, which will complete instantly.
When I'm ready, I'll go to the Castle and do Form Ranks and Defend the Castle, then that will leave Nuclear Option ready for whenever I feel like I want to do it and finish the MQ.
The only companion perks I don't have are X6-88 (didn't care and you'd have to do a bunch of side quests as you do very few Institute missions) and Strong (who I can't stand, but could if I bothered, as he's still standing at Trinity Tower).