See where Fallout 3 starts to fall apart yet?
...but it WAS intended to rebuild society. A society of super humans who could resist radiation, or whatever. It just went horrifically wrong
The government seemed to have pulled out of the core well before the bombs dropped, having anticipated the war, and established Raven Rock to keep all their archive material etc. As far as I understand, Vault-Tec was working for the government/the Enclave, and as such, whether or not people survived to "rebuild society" wasn't a concern. The Vault doesn't annotate but if I recall correctly, the conversation with Braun reveals that even though he invented the G.E.C.K. it doesn't really sound like he was confident in its ability to work or for those who had one to be able to use it properly.
Braun was totally [censored] insane and evil. Why wouldn't he have assigned a single GECK to the one Vault he knew would definitely not be able to use it?