I know that in Daggerfall you can get a rough idea of the quality and price of items in a store, Fighters Guild or Mages Guild by the message displayed (rusty relics, burning incense etc.) when you first walk through the door.

Are there similar clues for temples, taverns and the other guilds?

If you don't get a popup message with the rusty relics or whatever, then there is no indication of quality. All taverns offer exactly the same food and drink, and rooms to rent, and all taverns have the same base prices. When you buy it's adjusted down according to your character. I think all Dark Brotherhood offer the same soul gems too, so no quality levels there either.

I think Fighters' and Mages' Guilds have them because of the repair item service and for selling magic items.