Changing a weapon's rate of fire is pretty easy, you can do that in the properties of the object. However, if your changing something in the game, you will want to give that object a unique formid so that you are not applying these changes to every same object in the game, unless you want everyone to fire faster at you.
As for adding Meshes and Textures, that is more complicated, and you have to use 3rd party programs like Nifscope, Blender and others.
Here are some tutorials
http://geck.gamesas.com/index.php?title=Main_Page
I strongly recommend you view some of these videos (they are for Fallout 3, but things work the same way in this game)
http://www.gamesas.com/topic/952768-geck-video-tutorials-on-you-tube/