Which location has the most amount of storage space, a bed, and a weapons building station (can't remember what they call it off-hand)?

It doesn't have the most storage but for convenience, I like the Rivet City hotel room. Three containers in the room, a restaurant and doc just a few steps away and there's a workbench inside the marketplace.

Your Megaton House provides all three things. If you don't want to buy a workbench for it, then Moira is always happy to help. For me, the most important thing for a home is its proximity to a fast travel point. For me Rivet City uses too many loading screens to get to the Weatherly Hotel. So does Tenpenny Tower.

With mods? Raven Rock easily.

Without mods? I always liked to use Vault 112 but theres really no limit to places you can set up shop. Thats the beauty of this kind of game.

I like the sniper shack, although the enemies that tend to spawn out the front, cuse a few problems from time to time.

AEV (Armored Escape Venture) and Shojo Companions. Both bases are excellent (but are mods, of course).

I always just step out to the balcony and FT from there.