Yes, loads of dungeons, and they respawn if you leave them for 3 days so it can be endless! :twirl:
Here is loads of info on Oblivion Gates: http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Oblivion:Oblivion_Gates
The further you go into the Main Quest the more gates open. Leydenne gave you correct info, but it sounds like you misunderstood it just a tiny bit. There are 10 fixed gates and up to 50 more random gates. The 50 random gates can spawn on top of any of 90 random locations. So. . . max of 60 gates.
Once you complete the Main Quest, any gates remaining open automatically close.