If you are having trouble I would recommend you play through at least the first few campaign levels to get some instruction on the suit useage, and on top of that the campaign is awesome.
Energy useage does not effect your hitpoints, using armour does. You might be experiencing the lag issues everyone else is.
You use up energy when you sprint and jump, this is to simulate the nanosuit assisting your speed and jump height. Armour and stealth mode also use up energy, so the effect is increased when you move fast and jump around lots. if you don't want to use up energy this way slow down and be more cautious.
Managing your energy usage is meant to be part of the challenge of the game.
There are no aliens in multiplayer, just Cell vs Marines and no bots or co-op mode.
There are killstreaks but you need to collect dog tags from fallen players in order to amass them.