I just have some quick questions I need answered:

What are some good methods for leveling up Enchanting? Does Enchanting work like Smithing where the more valuable the item, the more XP you get? If so, what would be the best Enchantment to use?

I'm about to start grinding for it, and I'd just like a tip or two if there are any, as I know it's like Alchemy and takes a while. My current idea is to make a bunch of Iron Daggers, purchase and fill all the Souls Gems I can from random wildlife, and move on from there. Considering I'm level 41, NPC Training is somewhat out of the question.

Yes

Waterbreathing and Muffle work just as well with petty as grand soul gems so they are good

Banish is good for the better soul gems

Unlike smithing or alchemy, enchanting gives a solid amount of XP per enchanted item, regardless of value ja soul quality used. Thus just hoard filled petty/lesser soul gems and some jewlery and grind enchanting using any enchantement.

Using Aetherial Crown to have Lover and Mage Stones at the same time helps.

It seems to me that the value of the item created has a great deal of bearing on how much 'experience' is generated. I get a hell of a lot more creating a 2000 septim necklace of Fortify sneak, than I do a 150 septim necklace of fortify barter.....

That's placebo effect. In reality, value has absolutely no effect on XP gain.

I would reccomend that you get the Black Star, and maybe some soultrapping item, I've leveled my enchanting up atleast 25 times from using it.

Are you sure because the amount filled on the XP bar certainly seems to vary?

Yes, I'm sure. It definitely did give solid XP in my game, regardless of value or soul quality.

get a soul trap enchant on whatever you feel like using, set the duration to one second if its melee, then get the black star and go on a bandit killing spree, after every kill, recharge the weapon. the amount of xp you receive based on charging is only on the soul size used and not how much it restores. at low levels, with the mage stone and lovers comfort, you should get a full level every time you use it until around 60~.

enjoy.

I always stock up on Petty and Lesser soul gems. Then spam whatever I can.