When I started a new gave, it worked fine. I was even able to reload a couple times in-game. However, once I closed out of Morrowind, opened it again, and then tried to reload a save, it kept CTD'ing right after everything finished loading. I received no error message of any kind. I tried going to "opt in" mode for DEP and adding Morrowind as an exception and that didn't solve the problem. I also tried redrawing distant lands and that also failed to fix it. I'm hesitant to try disabling the internal version of MWSE because I have several mods that need it. I don't understand why MGE XE would stop working on me like this...I didn't change anything.

Anyone know how to fix this?

I can start a new game fine...it's just loading a save that causes the crash

If you're trying to load a game saved in an exterior cell, it's going to crash. I think it has something to do with drawing distant land - maybe it's just to much for the old girl to do at once. Loading into an interior gets around that. If that works, you can try disabling distant land initially and using a macro to re-enable it or start a new game without any mods loaded, go through the character creation, then save in the C&E office. Exit, reload your mods, then reload the C&E save. After that's done, load whatever other save you want and continue on your merry way. If loading an exterior save isn't the problem then I don't know what to tell you.

My PC is generally OK with loading MGE in exteriors, but it's most definitely true that loading in interiors puts far less strain on the computer.

Are you sure that it's MGEXE? Does the game load correctly if you temporarily remove the MGE directx dlls in the Morrowind folder? If not, you may have to fix your save game using Wrye Mash. If you do not already have the Morrowind code patch installed it might resolve your problems too thanks to the changes in the way Morrowind handles corrupt/superfluous data in saves. But I'm not sure those changes apply to both the way games are saved and the way they are loaded.