So I'm wondering... I've read that the Aedra are limited in their power more-so than the Daedra because the Aedra are bound in the Earth Bones... correct?

Yet... I've also read that Akatosh has pwned Daedra in the past, despite being bound. So what IS the extent of the Aedras' power and influence?

Also... I've read that Lorkhan/Shor is dead, and that he died when Auri-El/Akatosh shot his heart into Nirn. However, I've also read that that was how Lorkhan was bound to Nirn... how is that different than any of the other Aedra? Is Lorkhan truly dead? Can any Aedra truly die?

Concerning Akatosh, keep in mind that the Time Dragon's imposition on the order of time allowed all other et'Ada to take on identities. Look at what happens to those who piss off the Time Dragon. They lose their former identities, like Dagon. The Time Dragon has a lot of power, despite no longer being whole as the Daedra are.

He's more dead.. but he still lives on vicariously through Nirn. Usually shows up as a ghost (if summoned) or a crazy hero.

Akatosh is bound, but there are no limits to his power if it could be used. Never can it ne wholly used, because he is in fragments.

Avatars of Akatosh (Dragons and Dragonborns) are gifted with the power of Akatosh and they are fragments of Akatosh and they are Akatosh.

Some say Alduin is Akatosh, some say Dovahkiin is Lorkhan. But Dovahkiin is a dragonborn, his gift is a gift from Akatosh and he is a fragment of Akatosh and he is Akatosh.

Same thing with Alduin. So my point here is, Akatosh's power has spread and he is not whole.

If a god can die, how does his heart survive? And most people see that the Aedra are already dead, so can they die any more than they already have?

Lorkhan lives through his avatars. He is not conscious I'd assume. Lorkhan's fragments live but he doesn't. Or does he? I don't know.

Akatosh and the other Aedra were bound to Mundus because Mundus is literally made up of their body parts. Therefore, on Mundus, there is practically nothing more powerful than an Aedroth--but the Aedroth in question is too weak in spirit to actually harness that power without being moved to do so by outside sources (like belief). The Daedra are just as powerful as Aedra in their own realms, but because they are not connected to Mundus, they cannot face an Aedroth on Mundus without being defeated.

That said, there's been a lot of discussion lately about exactly how much influence Aedra have outside of Mundus lately. I don't think there's any clear consensus yet.