There is already a NPC giving you a flare gun to call for reinforcement, I would love for the settlements to use it when they need help. Semi-regional alarm.
You can build a bell, it could also be used as an alarm. It's more of a local alarm really but useful if you are inside crafting peacefully.
Radio tower built in a settlement? Why not allow the settlements to diffuse a S.O.S ? "Sanctuary Emergency Signal Radio is emitting". Global (or very big range) alarm.
There is so much that could be done with what is already in the game