As stated above, Shoddycast's "The Storyteller" series, is probably the best source for a new player because it weaves the timeline into various video episodes narrated and edited quite professionally. The first video is a prologue, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvqm_pPD-aQ, establishing the world background at the time Fallout 4 begins.
You can learn about different elements of the world by following each episode because each episode focuses on a specific element (e.g., Vault-Tec, Super Mutants, New California Republic, Brotherhood of Steel, etc.). The first season will give you more than enough lore background to appreciate the game much more fully.