"Wtf! What is Middas! Just Say Monday or something for Talos' Sake!"
This is just a quick little thing to help clear that up. It has Holidays, months, days of the week, and a few extra goodies : ).
Tamriel's year consists of 364 days, split into twelve months. Six months have 31 days, five have 30 days and one has 28 days. Very similar to how we mark the months.
The months along with some of the notable holidays are listed below (our monthly equivilent is listed in brackets beside them.)
Morningstar (January)
1st - New Life Festival
15th - South WInds Prayer
Sun's Dawn (February)
16th - Heart's Day
First Seed (March)
7th - First Planting
Rain's Hand (April)
28th - Jester's Day
Second Seed (May)
7th - Second Planting
Mid Year (June)
16th - Mid Year Celebration
Sun's Height (July)
10th - Merchants Festival
20th - Sun's Rest
Last Seed (August)
27th - Harvest's End
Heartfire (September)
3rd - Tales and Tallows
Frostfall (October)
13th - Witches Festival
30th - Emperor's Day
Sun's Dusk (November)
20th - Warriors Festival
Evening Star (December)
15th - North Winds Prayer
30th - Old Life Festival
The days are organized into a week seven days long. The days of the week are:
Sundas (Sunday)
Morndas (Monday)
Tirdas (Tuesday)
Middas (Wednesday)
Turdas (Thursday)
Freedas (Friday)
Loredas (Saturday)
The years are marked in eras. There have been three eras, The First Era, The Second Era, and the Third Era. Oblivion takes place in the Third Era. Anything before the First Era is refered to as the pre-era time, and it mostly concerned with the Ayleids. The year is usually read as whatever era it is from first, then how many years it is since the start of that era. For example, you asked about 3e433 in your question. That would be "3e" The Third Era, "433" Four hundred and thirty three years from the start of the Third Era.
So from the info above, you can see that the date you give last seed 31, 3e433 would be read as such.
The "3e" denotes that the date refers to the Third Era. The "433" means that it is Four Hundred and Thirty Three years from the begining of the Third Era. The date last seed 31, would indicate that it is the 31st day (and hence last day of) the month of Last Seed. The next day would be: Heartfire 1, 3e433.