The part about 'deleted your mods' is a concern. Did you check for custom meshes, textures, etc. or simply remove the esp file? Also possible that your installation got messed up in the process. Assuming no part of the mods remain, you can make a backup of your saves and do a clean install.
I' ve encountered this problem with just the base game before. Yes I did remove the mods and their files. I find console commands can make this happen. The first time I ever played it on pc I got the error, this was no mods, dlc, or console. Could it be my hardware, the actually disc? Would using a no cd patch or back up be a problem? I have the real disc but I got it used and it has scratches so I don't use it, but I did use it before and I had the problem before.