It's the other way around, the 17 control Vaults worked, the other 105 were experiments.
Yeah, a word vanished between what I meant to say and what I actually typed. *doh*
You've directed your actions as an overseer based off what you know from an outside point of view. Which wouldn't be the case for a Vault overseer.
You wouldn't have known about the Enclave's priorities or indeed their involvement in the new world. You would answer to Vault-Tec, which you believe are constantly surveying your progress, and would be able to jeoparadise your position and chances of survival within the Vault at any given moment. You also believe that your orders are for the betterment of humanity, and that you are actually making a difference in a real 'social experiment'.
At first, maybe. However I think most Vault Overseers were chosen due to psychological disorders. How else would you explain the Overseer of Vault 92, who had no problem with reprogramming the Dwellers without heeding the advice of his Head Researcher. Seriously, at some point the Human Conscience would step in and make a person re-evaluate their priorities. There's nowhere to run, after all.
Then there were some Overseers who were picked so they could be "eliminated" early on, like the Overseer who was chosen because of his genetic disposition for a terminal form of cancer.
Even from the inside, not knowing anything else about the Vault Program or the Enclave...if I was responsible for a pocket of Humanity after a Nuclear Holocaust (Remember, most Vaults sealed without their entire compliment because people were taking a "Cry Wolf" approach to the warning sirens), and my sealed Vault-Tec orders instructed me to do experiments on the people under my care, I think it's safe to assume that I personally (As this is all subjective to our own personal views and values) would cut the uplink and abandon the experiment.