Every country has different ways of dealing with foreigners from particular countries coming into their own. When traveling, a passport is a given, but a lot of the time you need to get a tourist visa for extended stays. I just got one for India. It's good for 6 months. After I take off from India, im heading to Thailand and South East Asia, from there I'll file for my Chinese visa. Theres a formal interview at the Chinese embassy and everything that takes place. After that, im swinging over to Nepal.
When it comes to Nepal, you can file for a visa when you get to the air port.
Where abouts in Canada are you gonna be? oh!
In Norway you get your passport at the police station, show ID etc. etc. Can't remember if I needed a birth certificate.
Then you know, you show your passport when you're told to.
I had a hell of a time trying to get my passport for a trip to Europe after my graduation.. they kept telling me that the picture I used to apply did not "meet their standards" as I was smiling (natural reflex when Im infront of a camera)
took me like 5 applications before i got mine..
Make sure know you ALL the info about how and where you can get your visa, for any country you might visit.
Sometimes you need to have planned in advance to get one, or they will deny you.