I've run into two bugs in the course of an hour: firstly I entered the bannered mare, only to be attacked by Uthgerd the Unbroken. (Might I add that I have had no dialogue with her previously, and she was not my companion.) So I reloaded the game and left the bannered mare be, until I got to Riverwood, where EVERYONE was attacking me. No, I haven't killed any chickens. I've also tried to talk to guards in Whiterun to see if I had some kind of epic bounty, but they only give me open world lines of dialogue, nothing about a bounty. The guards in Riverwood won't give me a chance, so I don't know if this is a bounty bug or what. Any experience with this particular scenario?
This person mentions talking to the guards in Whiterun. The OP clearly is NOT a vampire. I think it's just a rare glitch that occurs every once in a while where an NPC will just randomly attack you for no particular or logical reason. This actually happened to me once in Solitude, where I was randomly being attacked by Jaree-Ra, an essential NPC. To keep Jaree-Ra from killing me, I purposely assaulted a guard and went to jail for it, and then when I served my sentence, he stopped attacking. I've read that waiting for a day or so away from where NPCs are randomly attacking you works as well, though I'm not entirely certain whether or not if a 24 hour wait period is enough or if it requires at least two or three days, but I've read it works.
Also, you would know if you were a vampire because if you've become a vampire, the screen flashes red and the game notifies you about your current condition, and every time you go out into sunlight the screen will brighten along with an obnoxious sound, notifying that you are weaker in sunlight.
[edit] I just read that if you interfere with the execution that occurs when you first enter Solitude, Jaree-Ra will randomly attack you for no real reason. I did exactly that with one of my characters. But I'm pretty sure that Jaree-Ra isn't supposed to be attacking you for interrupting the execution, though.