What about this: I take a Potion of Paralysis and either throw it at him, poison my bare fists, or give him a light wound that does not kill him. I read that when the target is paralysed or unconscienous, you can take anything from them no matter the success rate.

I like the creativity, but I don't think it counts as a Pickpocket for the purpose of Delvin's Job.

I had to use 4 pieces Enchanted at Fortify Pickpocket +40% (no Perks in that constellation) and I believe my chances were at like 80%.
Edit:
I just verified that the gear was, in fact, +40% (4 pieces). My Pickpocket skill is 76 (probably what it was when I was doing Fishing jobs because I don't pickpocket except to be nosy and see what people have every now and then).
