I'm assuming there is a way to make a climate "always day" with the "sunrise begin, sunrise end" etc sliders.

How would you position them so that it is ALWAYS (or almost always, if always is not possible) day time?

I believe you have to edit the INI and make night time just not happen but that would effect the whole world...I don't believe you are able to do it but I am quite unsure so don't take my word for it.

For clarification - time would pass normally but visually, the daytime climate and lighting settings would persist through nighttime. Doesn't camoran's paradise work this way?

As you aluded to, look at CamoranClimate to see how they did it.
And yes, it is the Sunrise and Sunset sliders.

Actually the Camoran effect has nothing to do with the sunrise/sunset sliders. It is a weather type that has the same setting for each time of the day (ambient lighting, sunlight, horizon, fog etc etc). Plus no stars mesh and no moons checked in the climates settings.

You could probably use the sunrise/sunset sliders to achieve a similar effect, but then you'd get weird looking behavior at certain times of the day. It has to be nighttime, sunset time and sunrise time at one point of the day so it would switch extremely fast. The sun would go down in a matter of minutes and go up again in a very short time as well. The rest of the day would be normal, but if the player happened to be there while it happened it would look like a bug.

I know in FO3, I leave all the sliders at 12am and the light never changes much. :shrug: