I agree that, of course Tamriel is not Europe. I also agree that in Cyrodiil a high level of technology was achieved, including,by inference, printing presses. I'm not arguing that Beth somehow 'got it wrong' by having huge numbers of books.
What I'm arguing is that society has moved backwards in the 200 years following the Oblivion crisis. This is almost inevitable following problems with dynastic succession, civil war, the destruction of Morrowind. This could have happened in a similar way to what befell the Roman Empire. Arguably the Roman Empire never actually fell, it just shrank, changed, was overrun by others who crowned themselves Emperor. Indeed some of it's institutions (most obviously the Catholic church) survive to this day.
So, in Skyrim, a weakened and reduced Empire hangs on at the cost of a loss of 'sophistication'. Old technologies are lost, including perhaps, printing; educational levels go down. literacy becomes rare. Life becomes nasty, brutish and short. This seems a reasonable senario.
There is some evidence for my view in the screenshots and video. Buildings seem to be made of wood, or older structures adapted for living. There's nothing we have seen so far that indicates the architectural sophistication of Skingrad or Anvil.
No big deal, just some speculation on my part. From a gameplay point of view it would be nice if books were rare and valuable.
Side note: Even today the world has only managed 82% advlt literacy (according to the CIA World Fact Book).
Those are good points.
It is perfectly possible that there is some sort of interregnum going on and that life has regressed to mostly survival.
In that case I would expect repositories of knowledge, mages guild and temple libraries, and less books in peoples houses. More specialist books on magic or religion, less novels and plays.
But in Tamriel there are institutions that are empire sanctioned, but not neccesarily empire dependant.
We know there is still a structure of guilds, the Synod, the College of Whispers, undoubtably some sort of fighters guild.
Maybe without an empire charter they have become more independant and self-governing.
As the upstart church survived the Roman empire fragmenting into obscurity (and kept records and books important to them), so might an organisation of mages on Tamriel preserve magical knowledge within its own structure.
On knowldege such as literacy, glassmaking (might seem trivial but the level of glasswork seen in Oblivion is quite high-tech. 18th or 19th century for us), magic, divination (the elder scrolls themselves), architecture and construction I think it is important to note a major difference between how it work on Tamriel and how it does on Earth.
We have the legend of Prometheus, who stole fire from the gods and so changed the life of man forever.
We have Ganesh(a) who gave men the gift of the Mahabharata, a book of religion and philosophy that to this day influences peoples daily lives.
On Tamriel we can be certain that those kind of things are not a metaphor, a means to convey a deeper message, they really happen in the most literal sense of the word.
The Daedra Boethiah is directly responsible for part of the original Aldmer to become the Chimer, who became the Dunmer.
All manner of Dark Elven cultural advances are attributed to Boethiah, from philosophy to magic to 'responsible' architecture.
Now, I do not how much of Tamriels advances are gifts from the gods, but we can be certain they do bestow knowledge of both the mundane and arcane on their followers.
The point is: Would the fall of a worldy structure in a world that has both strong, semi-independant guilds and divine intervention cause a reduction in knowledge in the same way it would on Earth?
Once you steal/ are given fire by the gods in a world where they are very real in an in-your-face way can it be given back?
edit: Printing seems something I would associate with Herma-Mora, but I cant find anything on it on the UESP or Imperial library.