Well changing the timescale is the only thing I can think of that would cause you to spontaneously die of dehydration after sleeping, so... Set it to 30 ("set timescale to 30"), zero out your bars by guzzling food and drink, save your game in a new slot, reload the save and see if that helps. It fixed the problem in my testing. If it doesn't.... you got me stumped.
You could also try using http://www.newvegasnexus.com/downloads/file.php?id=34718 which apparently manages your primary need stats through scripts rather than relying on the game's (confused) hardcoded stuff. I do not use this mod personally but it might help you if the set-save-reload procedure doesn't work.