For example,
Khajitt: Ohmes, Ohmes-raht, Suthay, Suthay-raht, Cathay, Cathay-raht, Tojay, Tojay-raht, Alfiq, Alfiq-raht, Dagi, Dagi-raht, Pahmar, Pahmar-raht, Senche, Senche-raht, Mane (Not all of them as some aren't even specified in lore but it would be nice)
Argonian: Agacephs, Archeins, Paatru, Sarpa
Dunmer: Hlaalu, Redoran, Telvanni, Dres, Indoril (Not strictly speaking 'races') or Vvardenfell Dunmer, Mainlander
Altmer: Maybe, Summerset Isle Altmer, Offshore Altmer, or Altmer who follow the rigid old ways and the new wave thinkers could be a 'subrace'
Bosmer: Different Bosmer for different parts of Valenwood for example, Tribal Bosmer from deeper in the forest and City Bosmer (hehe)
Orcs: Orsinium Orc (liked by orcs), Wild orc (recently civilised orc, deeply respected by orcs, feared by other races), City Orc (Orc not from Orsinium or the wilds)
Breton: Half elf Breton, Quarter Elf Breton (with more combat skill to Quarter and more Magic skills to half)
Imperial: Cyrodillic Imperial (has better relations with Imperials), Provincial Imperial (has better relations with other races)
Nord: Sub-races based on different ares of Skyrim, makes them more/less liked in different ares
Redguard: Desert folk (weaker to frosm stronger to fire), ???
I think that choosing races in Oblivion was kind of irrelevant as Argonians were the only ones with a real advantage. Feel free to suggest Subraces or buffs/bonuses for subraces