So as we know, the island of Vvardenfel was destroyed and a legion of Corpus Beast with it. I would first ask if Corpus ever left the island? If it did, will we see it in future installments of the Elder Scrolls? Will there be a nasty surprise waiting for us somewhere in Skyrim? If not, where do you think it will turn up next? Side note: I just realized that Yagrum Bagarn probably didn't survive. The Dwemer are really all gone...
From http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Lore:Corprus
Corprus, also known as the Divine Disease, is the most terrible of the ailments associated with the Blight. The infection was created by Dagoth Ur and is spread by contact with a corprus beast or by specific curse. It destroys the mind of the sufferer and grotesquely deforms the body. It is not known how the transformation of Sixth House cultists into Ascended Sleepers and other monsters is related to Corprus. Some of the physical effects are similar, but the cultists remain lucid and attain a higher spiritual state whereas more mundane sufferers become mindless husks, like the common undead raised by necromancers.
Perhaps the most frightening aspect of corprus is that it is completely incurable. Those infected are sent to Tel Fyr to live in the Corprusarium, where they are treated and studied by Divayth Fyr, a 4000-year old wizard working to uncover the nature of the disease and create a cure. Fyr has a theory that corprus is in fact not a disease, but rather a divine blessing that most mortals can't handle, pointing to the fact that the victims are completely immune to disease and don't age.
The Nerevarine became infected with corprus, and Divayth Fyr provided a "cure" for the disease. This "cure" did not actually cure the disease but rather removed the negative effects, such as crippling physical deformities and insanity, while retaining the positive effects, including immunity to all diseases, increased strength and endurance, and possibly also immortality.
I'd say it's perhaps largely wiped out, with perhaps just a handful of infected specimens left. As far as Yagrum surviving, I'd guess yes, unless he died from the Corprus finally, but I don't think a 4000 year old Telvanni wizard would allow himself and his most prized "specimen" to die, even with Red Mountain erupting and an Argonian invasion. Fyr was obviously largely interested in Levitation, as that was how you had to reach him in his tower, as well as returning to him the Dwemer Boots of Flying, so perhaps he levitated his island away?