What do they want to establish? Absolutist monarchy, chain of fiefdoms, bourgeois republic? Or maybe they're utopian socialists even? Are they nord-racists, undecided, or multiculturalist? Is antyhing known about this?

Skyrim wiki: "The Storm Cloaks are a faction that will appear in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. They were confirmed in a number of recent articles. They are a sub-faction of the rebels. There is a quest in Riverwood where someone sends you to join the Storm Cloak rebellion."

Not much is known.

So the Storm Cloaks are just a 'sub-faction'? Interesting.

Does this mean that there are more 'rebel' factions?

"No one knows."

*cue Queens of the Stone Age*

Well so far we've only seen the stormcloaks in south whiterun hold or maybe even Falkreath hold (granted, we havent seen any other holds) but I remember seeing a map of skyrim a while ago where Windhelm was circled in red and said REBELS. Maybe the stormcloaks are located there? Maybe there is some dunmer influenced ideology, who knows? I imagine we'll see rebels in Riften too. It doesnt look like a very orderly city.

I'm hoping for guerilla warfare tactics.

Well if bandits roll boulders...

we are strewed?

well, I'd rather be on the opposite side of that boulder. Let's hope there are recon/raid missions.

Just from what I've read here I've deduced that Storm Cloaks are relatively spiritual in their rebellion. The term Cloak brings about a magical feel to the name of the sub-faction. Storm Cloak together makes me think of people protected by storm, therefore I deduce that there is a possibility that the group is a magically centered group who maybe worship some kind of storm deity. Possibly a cult string of the rebels?!